Calciums atomic number is 20 therefore the ion has 18 electrons. To calculate the remaining number of electrons you subtract the amount of extra charge from the atomic number.
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In the case of a positive ion there are more protons than electrons.
. Since the vast majority of an atoms mass is made up of its protons and neutrons subtracting the number of protons ie. Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. The atomic number from the atomic mass will give you the calculated number of neutrons in the atom.
The numbers after the decimal point represent the usually very small mass of the. For example Ca 2 has a 2 charge so it has lost 2 electrons from the neutral state.
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